The definitive guide to maximizing your reach on X (Twitter), based on reverse-engineering the open-source algorithm.
Long-term strategies for sustainable growth based on algorithm mechanics.
Understanding how the algorithm finds you new followers:
Your post → Directly to followers' For You feeds
Advantage: No OON penalty, direct delivery
Strategy: Keep them engaged, avoid unfollows
Your post → Phoenix Two-Tower Retrieval → Matched to similar users
Challenge: OON_WEIGHT_FACTOR penalty
Strategy: Strong engagement signals, clear niche
How the algorithm decides to show your content to non-followers:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ TWO-TOWER RETRIEVAL │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ USER TOWER CANDIDATE TOWER │
│ ├── User engagement history ├── Your post content │
│ ├── Topics they engage with ├── Your post features │
│ └── → User Embedding [D] └── → Post Embedding [D] │
│ │ │ │
│ └──────── Dot Product ─────────┘ │
│ │ │
│ Similarity Score │
│ │ │
│ Top-K Similar Posts Selected │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
| Factor | Strategy |
|---|---|
| Your embedding is built from your history | Be consistent in your topics |
| User embeddings are built from their history | Target people who engage with similar content |
| Dot product similarity | The clearer your niche, the stronger the match |
Broad topics → Weak embedding signal → Poor matching
Specific niche → Strong embedding signal → Better matching
Example:
❌ "Business tips" (too broad)
✅ "SaaS pricing strategies" (specific)
| Level | Example | Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Tech | Too broad |
| Niche | Startups | Better |
| Sub-niche | B2B SaaS | Ideal |
| Micro-niche | SaaS pricing | Very strong signal |
If you must cover multiple topics:
✅ Related topics (SaaS + Pricing + Growth)
❌ Unrelated topics (SaaS + Cooking + Politics)
The algorithm will struggle to match unrelated content.
100 engaged followers > 10,000 inactive followers
Because:
├── In-network engagement boosts your posts
├── No engagement = no signal = algorithm ignores
├── Low engagement rate hurts future distribution
└── Fake followers = negative signal when they don't engage
| ✅ Do | ❌ Don’t |
|---|---|
| Create for your ideal follower | Chase vanity metrics |
| Engage with target audience | Buy followers |
| Convert through value | Follow-for-follow |
| Let them find you organically | Force growth |
Sustainable growth comes from compound engagement:
Great Content
│
▼
Engagement (replies, retweets, quotes)
│
▼
Algorithm boosts reach
│
▼
New people discover you
│
▼
Some follow
│
▼
Larger in-network audience
│
▼
More engagement on next post
│
└──────────────────────────┐
▼
Repeat cycle
When starting out:
1. Engage heavily with people in your niche
2. Provide massive value in replies
3. Build relationships with similar-sized accounts
4. Get mentioned/quoted by others
5. Slowly build in-network base
| Pillar | Purpose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Educational | Build authority | 40% |
| Engagement | Drive conversation | 30% |
| Personal | Build connection | 20% |
| Promotional | Convert followers | 10% |
Monday: Educational thread
Tuesday: Question (engagement)
Wednesday: Personal story
Thursday: Industry insight (educational)
Friday: Fun/casual content
Saturday: Rest or engagement
Sunday: Educational thread
From the algorithm’s perspective, viral content has:
High P(reply) + High P(quote) + High P(retweet)
+ Low P(block/mute/report)
| Type | Why It Works |
|---|---|
| Contrarian takes | Triggers debate (replies, quotes) |
| Relatable struggles | “Me too” responses |
| Surprising data | “Did you know?” shares |
| Useful frameworks | Bookmark + share |
| Story threads | Dwell time + engagement |
⚠️ Viral doesn't always mean good
⚠️ Controversial viral → blocks/mutes
⚠️ One viral post ≠ sustained growth
⚠️ Viral for wrong audience = wrong followers
| Phase | Months | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Foundation | 1-3 | Niche, voice, consistency |
| Growth | 4-6 | Engagement, community |
| Authority | 7-9 | Thought leadership |
| Monetization | 10-12 | Convert following to value |
| Metric | What It Tells You |
|---|---|
| Engagement rate | Content resonance |
| Reply ratio | Conversation quality |
| Follower growth rate | Sustainable growth |
| Profile visits → follows | Conversion |
| Negative action rate | Content safety |
Week 1: Establish posting consistency
Week 2: Focus on engagement hooks
Week 3: Build relationships with 10 peers
Week 4: Analyze what worked, double down
Next: See Checklists for actionable daily workflows.